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(詳細はDwight D. Eisenhower encompassed over forty years of active service. ==Early military career== Entering the United States Military Academy in June 1911, Eisenhower had a "spectacular" 1912 football touchdown praised by the ''New York Herald''. The week after sharing a tackle of Jim Thorpe , Eisenhower's sports career ended with a severe knee injury. Eisenhower graduated in 1915 ranked 61st in a class of 164. The risk, however, that the football injury would cause the government to later have to give Eisenhower a medical discharge and pension, almost caused the army to not commission him. This was acceptable to Eisenhower, who was curious about gaucho life and began planning a trip to Argentina. The army offered to assign him to the coast artillery, but Eisenhower viewed it as offering "a minimum of excitement" and preferred to become a civilian. West Point's chief medical officer interceded with the War Department and obtained a commission for him. Eisenhower requested duty in the Philippines, but was assigned to the 19th Infantry at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. Shortly after the entry of the United States into the First World War, Eisenhower was promoted to captain in May 1917. Eisenhower was given command of Camp Colt, Pennsylvania, a post of the newly formed Tank Corps, National Army, on March 24, 1918 He was promoted to major the next month and received a Distinguished Service Medal in 1924 for his performance in this assignment.〔 Major Eisenhower's unit was honored by the Tank Corps Welfare League at New York City's Century Theatre on September 15, 1918. Eisenhower was promoted to lieutenant colonel in October and was ordered the same month to embark on November 18 with Camp Colt tankers for combat service in France. With the deployment overtaken by the November 11 armistice, Eisenhower instead was transferred to Camp Dix until December 22.〔http://www.ibiblio.org/lia/president/EisenhowerLibrary/_General_Materials/DDE's_Military_Career.html〕 He served at Camp Benning from December 24, 1918 〔http://www.presidentialtimeline.org/html/timeline.php?id=34〕 until March 15, 1919, where a portion of the Camp Polk tank school was transferred on December 26 "to work in conjunction with the Infantry school". Eisenhower joined the 1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy at Frederick, Maryland, after the first day's travel, and while returning from San Francisco with his Lincoln Highway Convoy Medal, wrote his report at the Rock Island Arsenal on November 3. Reverting to his permanent rank of captain, due to the post war reduction of the Army, on June 30, 1920, Eisenhower was promoted to major on July 2, 1920, before assuming duties at Camp Meade until 1922. His interest in tank warfare was strengthened by many conversations with George S. Patton and other senior tank leaders; however their ideas on tank warfare were strongly discouraged by superiors. The peacetime army promoted strictly on seniority, and Eisenhower would serve as a major for 16 years. In 1921 Army Inspector General Eli Helmick found that Eisenhower had improperly received $251 in housing allowance. Although he repaid the money only the intervention of General Fox Conner, who wanted Eisenhower to serve as his executive officer in the Panama Canal Zone, saved him from a court-martial and possible dismissal and imprisonment. Eisenhower received a written reprimand that became part of his military record. While working under Conner for three years the general tutored him on military history and theory (including Carl von Clausewitz's ''On War''), and Eisenhower later cited Conner's enormous influence on his military thinking. Ranked in the top 10% of active-duty majors, in 1925–26 he attended the Command and General Staff College (CGS) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He was worried that he would be disadvantaged by not having attended Infantry School like most of his classmates, but Conner assured him that his study in Panama was good preparation; Eisenhower graduated first in his CGS class of 245 officers. The army considered making him the head of the Reserve Officers Training Corps program at a major university (Eisenhower would also have served as its football coach, doubling his pay) or a CGS faculty member, but assigned him as executive officer of the 24th Infantry Regiment at Fort Benning, Georgia until 1927. Eisenhower disliked serving with the Buffalo Soldiers regiment; many white officers viewed serving in an all-black unit as punishment for poor performance.〔 Conner helped Eisenhower to be quickly reassigned to the American Battle Monuments Commission, directed by General John J. Pershing, in Washington. Despite not having participated in the battles within six months he produced ''A Guide to the American Battle Fields in Europe'', an excellent overview of the United States' participation in World War I. The research made Eisenhower perhaps the army's best expert on Pershing's strategies during the war other than Conner and Pershing himself, and was a thorough preparation for his World War II duties. Conner again helped him obtain his next assignment, as one of the youngest-ever students at the War College. Pershing wrote a letter praising Eisenhower, and from then on the army saw him as one of its future leading officers. Next came another assignment to Pershing's commission, this time in Paris, as the general wanted Eisenhower to revise the guide.〔 He was assigned to the Army War College, and then served as executive officer to General George V. Mosely, Assistant Secretary of War, from 1929 to 1933. He then served as chief military aide to General Douglas MacArthur, Chief of Staff of the United States Army, until 1935, when he accompanied MacArthur to the Philippines, where he served as assistant military adviser to the Philippine government. It is sometimes said that this assignment provided valuable preparation for handling the challenging personalities of Winston Churchill, George S. Patton and Bernard Law Montgomery during World War II. Eisenhower was promoted to the permanent rank of lieutenant colonel in 1936. He also learned to fly, although he was never rated as a military pilot. He made a solo flight over the Philippines in 1937. Eisenhower returned to the United States in late December 1939 and held a series of staff positions in Washington, D.C., California and Texas. He briefly commanded a battalion and then served as regimental executive officer of the 15th Infantry at Fort Lewis, Washington. Late in 1940 he became chief of staff of the 3d Infantry Division - also at Fort Lewis. March 1941 saw yet another reassignment, as Eisenhower progressed to become chief of staff of the newly activated IX Corps under Major General Kenyon Joyce. In June 1941, he was appointed Chief of Staff to General Walter Krueger, Commander of the Third United States Army, at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. He was promoted to brigadier general in September 1941. Although his administrative abilities had been noticed, on the eve of the U.S. entry into World War II he had never held an active command and was far from being considered as a potential commander of major operations. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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